What distinguishes a condenser microphone from a dynamic microphone?

A condenser microphone is characterized by its sensitivity and the requirement for an external power source, typically provided by a battery or phantom power from a mixer or interface. This sensitivity allows condenser microphones to capture a wider range of frequencies and nuances in sound, making them particularly effective in studio settings where detail is paramount. The diaphragm in a condenser microphone is much lighter than that of a dynamic microphone, which contributes to its ability to pick up subtle sounds and high frequencies with clarity.

Dynamic microphones, on the other hand, are usually more robust and do not require external power, which makes them more suitable for live performances where durability and feedback rejection are essential. While dynamic microphones can handle high sound pressure levels and are often used for vocals and instruments in a live setting, they typically do not capture the same level of detail as condenser microphones do.

The choice highlighting the extreme sensitivity of a condenser microphone and its need for an additional power source accurately reflects these characteristics, making it the correct answer.